8/ The General Assembly had determined that an article relating to the right of peoples to self-determination should be included in the International Covenants on Human Rights 9/ and, in 1954, requested the Commission on Human Rights to complete its recommendations on that article "including recommendations concerning their permanent sovereignty over their natural wealth and resources…”. At almost the same time, the principle of permanent sovereignty emerged in discussions in the Commission on Human Rights and in the Third Committee of the General Assembly as an essential element in the right of self-determination. 4/ More significantly, it was cited by Italian 5/ and Japanese 6/ courts in upholding the validity of the Oil Nationalization Laws of Iran of 1951. This resolution almost immediately found some reference in State practice, being referred to both by Guatemala and by the United States of America in connection with the former's nationalization of the United Fruit Company. 3/ on the economic side, the General Assembly, acting on reports of its Second Committee, adopted resolution 523 (VI) of 12 January 1952 and, more particularly, resolution 626 (VII) of 21 December 1952, in which the Assembly remembered "that the right of peoples freely to use and exploit their natural wealth and resources is inherent in their sovereignty and is in accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations". The principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources found its first expression in the United Nations during the early 1950s in the parallel fields of economic development and human rights. PROTECTION ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTION OF 12 AUGUST 1949ĪND RELATING TO THE PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF INTERNATIONAL ARMEDĬONFLICTS (PROTOCOL I) OF 8 JUNE 1977.īIBLIOGRAPHY. IN TIME OF WAR OF 12 AUGUST 1949 (FOURTH GENEVA CONVENTION). GENEVA CONVENTION RELATIVE TO THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN PERSONS IV OF 18 OCTOBER 1907: REGULATIONS RESPECTING THE LAWS AND CUSTOMS OF WAR ON LAND. Implications of United Nations resolutions.ĬONCLUSION.ĪNNEX TO HAGUE CONVENTION NO. PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY FOR THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIESĪND THE OBLIGATIONS OF ISRAEL THEREIN. IMPLICATIONS OF UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS ON PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY AND THE LAW OF BELLIGERENT Security Council resolutions relating to the
Occupied Palestinian and other Arab territories. Sovereignty over natural resources in the General Assembly resolutions on permanent Resolutions dealing with permanent sovereignty UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS ON PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY THE PRINCIPLE OF PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY OF PEOPLESĪND NATIONS OVER THEIR NATURAL RESOURCES.